Citation Issues

It seems you are getting your fill of questions from me this week.

This post is related to one that I posted last week in which I had come across an Ancestry database which cited FamilySearch - but I could not find some entries in the database of the same name on FamilySearch. Well - I did find at least one entry and am thinking I should just cite the FamilySearch entry, but I am unsure how to cite it.

I've got a death certificate that the State of New York sent me years ago. I've uploaded my copy to FamilySearch so it's attached to the individual. The issue is that when they made my copy they didn't add in the certificate number. I've found that in the index so i'm adding that to my citation but including where i got the number. Here's my attempt

Should you note in a census citation, handwritten elements that are changing the dwelling and family numbers? Regardless of where I look, Ancestry or FamilySearch, I'm seeing the numbers crossed out and new written numbers both above and below the original numbers. Should these new numbers be included in the citation?

The newspaper below has dropped its Saturday print edition and now prints the Friday edition with Friday's and Saturday's dates on it.  How would you revise this citation for a newspaper dated May 15 and May 16?

“Delta retiring giant Boeing 777s,” The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, North Carolina), 15 May 2020, p. 5A, col. 3.

I purchased a booklet several years ago in PDF format published by a local historical society. It's supposed to be a transcription of an old store account book in which the owner logged marriages and deaths in a local town in NY.  The original booklet is not paginated, contains no section headers, (nor is there any implied sections. Marriages and deaths are not chronological, alphabetical or even separated into 2 groups). I'm having a hard time putting together the citation.

This is what I have so far.

From looking around and searching, I seem to be understanding that in a citation it may not be necessary to cite dates unless it is fundamental to relocating the record(s). For example, will books that have no number or letter but do have a date range would be something like: state, county, Will book 1840-1846, p300, etc.; while one that does have a number/letter would be something like: state, county, Will book J, p300, etc.

I am new to Genealogy research and I want to be sure I start off on the right foot. I've read and re-read chapter 2 of the 3rd edition of EE. I am still uncertain as to the difference between the "Source List" and the "Source List Entry." Are they the same thing? Also, can I make a comparison between Family Tree Maker's "Source Title, Citation Detail, Citation Text and Reference Note" and EE's "Source List Entry and First Reference Note". Is there any similarity? Thank You for any help.

I inherited all of my dad's research notes and materials. He was actually writing a family history book, but he passed away before he finished it.  What is the best format to use for a reference note for his research notes?

Thanks!

What are the thoughts on using URL shorteners?

When an archive isn't using some sort of persistent ID, you end up with lots of gobbley gook that isn't guaranteed to be persistent (like the following

I am wanting to cite a quote from this website that states "New York State did not require local governments to report births, marriages, and deaths until 1880."

This is what I have come up with, but was after US based folk opinions. I am in Australia.